5a6ddc78-c256-4051-a6ba-d9defb1aac2c urn:uuid eng UTF-8 nonGeographicDataset nonGeographicDataset 2025-10-17T00:47:06 creation ISO 19115 2016 A new yaw attitude algorithm for BDS MEO and IGSOs 5a6ddc78-c256-4051-a6ba-d9defb1aac2c In the present, the GNSS body-fixed reference frame definition is followed according to the International GNSS Service (IGS) conventions [3] which are based on the spacecraft body frame of the GPS Block II/IIA satellites. This definition is also compatible with the GPS Block IIF satellites while in the case of the GPS Block IIR the spacecraft frame is designed with a reverse direction (away from the sun) in the X axis of the body-fixed frame. The situation is similar to the GPS IIA/IIF for the BDS satellites where +X axis points towards the Sun, +Z axis points to the SV’s radius vector towards the Earth’s centre in the antenna boresight direction, and the +Y axis completes the right handed system while it coincides with the rotation axis of the solar panels. The yaw angle is the critical parameter which defines the GNSS attitude. Contrary to GPS and GLONASS, BeiDou Inclined Geosynchronous Orbit (IGSO) and Mean Earth Orbit (MEO) satellites do not experience noon-turn and midnight-turn manoeuvres [6], with the exception of the newly launched IGSO6 or C13, formerly C15 (F. Dilssner and P. Steigenberger personal communication). {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[112.0, -44.0], [154.0, -44.0], [154.0, -9.0], [112.0, -9.0], [112.0, -44.0]]]} 112.0 154.0 -44.0 -9.0 Earth Sciences Published_External Download the Poster (pdf) documentDigital Download the Poster (pdf) PPTX