Modified Monash Model (MMM)
The Modified Monash Model (MMM) is a classification system used to define the remoteness of Australian locations, ranging from MM 1 (major cities) to MM 7 (very remote areas). It combines population size and geographic remoteness to guide health workforce planning, especially in rural and remote communities. MMM is based on the Australian Statistical Geography Standard – Remoteness Areas (ASGS-RA) and is updated after each national Census conducted by the ABS.
Statistical Area Level 4 (SA4)
SA4s are the largest sub-state regions used in the Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS), built from SA3s. They are designed to reflect labour markets and the functional areas of capital cities, supporting the release of regional data such as the Quarterly Labour Force Survey. There are 108 SA4s across Australia, including special codes for mobile or unlocated populations. SA4s aggregate to form Greater Capital City Statistical Areas and States/Territories.
