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Climate mode datasets and generating codes from CMIP6 pre-Industrial control simulations and observations

Created 17/11/2025

Updated 17/11/2025

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Internal climate variability encompasses processes ranging from daily weather fluctuations to multidecadal interactions within the climate system. Understanding these processes is crucial for distinguishing natural variability from human-induced climate change. A large component of internal variability on sub-seasonal to multi-decadal time scales are associated with recurring patterns or ‘climate modes’. Using pre-industrial control (piControl) simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), we investigate eight critical climate modes: Eastern Pacific El Niño (EP-El Niño), Central Pacific El Niño (CP-El Niño), Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO), Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), Subsurface Dipole Mode (SDM), Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and Southern Annular Mode (SAM). These modes were derived from 23 CMIP6 models, each with over 500 years of simulation data, ensuring robust statistical insights into their spatial and temporal structures. The datasets were validated against observational data, revealing broad-scale consistency and highlighting biases in regional features and amplitudes. For example, the models effectively capture spatial patterns such as the tripolar SST anomaly of the IPO and the equatorial Pacific warming of EP-El Niño. However, regional discrepancies, like exaggerated warming or cooling in specific areas, were observed. Despite these biases, the datasets provide critical tools for understanding climate variability, conducting detection and attribution studies, and improving climate projections. Details regarding the generated NetCDF files are provided in the accompanying README file. All datasets are publicly accessible (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17274477, and additionally linked to this record), supporting future research and policy development to address climate variability and its implications for climate change adaptation and mitigation.

Files and APIs

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Additional Info

Field Value
Title Climate mode datasets and generating codes from CMIP6 pre-Industrial control simulations and observations
Language eng
Licence Not Specified
Landing Page https://data.gov.au/data/dataset/cf2ffaa3-6e17-4943-9f57-e0a4fa84ce29
Contact Point
Australian Ocean Data Network
sandeep.mohapatra@utas.edu.au
Reference Period 14/07/2022
Geospatial Coverage
Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors
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Data Portal Australian Oceans Data Network

Data Source

This dataset was originally found on Australian Oceans Data Network "Climate mode datasets and generating codes from CMIP6 pre-Industrial control simulations and observations". Please visit the source to access the original metadata of the dataset:
https://catalogue.aodn.org.au/geonetwork/srv/eng/csw/dataset/climate-mode-datasets-and-generating-codes-from-cmip6-pre-industrial-control-simulations-and-ob