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Environment of deposition of the Carlo Sandstone, Georgina Basin, Queensland and Northern Territory

Created 17/10/2025

Updated 17/10/2025

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The Carlo Sandstone is part of the Toko Group of the Georgina Basin. This basin, which straddles the Northern Territory-Queensland border, comprises carbonate and clastic rocks of Cambrian and Early Ordovician age; the Toko Group forms the uppermost and dominantly clastic part of the sequence. The Carlo Sandstone, which is of possible Early Ordovician age (? latest Arenig), consists of very fine to fine quartzose sandstone containing siltstone and mudstone pellets. Minor siltstone and mudstone interbeds are present. The unit is conformable with the underlying Nora and overlying Mithaka Formations. Sedimentary structures present include: flute marks, current crescents, various other current lineations, ripple-marks, cross stratification, lamination and various biogenic sedimentary structures. The palaeocurrent measurements indicate uni-directional currents. Fossils are rare except in the uppermost part of the unit where gastropods, pelecypods, nautiloids, trilobites, brachiopods and fish are present. A study of geometry, lithology, sedimentary structures, palaeocurrents and fossils indicate subtidal to intertidal depositional conditions. Of various depositional models, a barrier model is favoured. The Nora Formation represents the offshore, below wave base sediments; the Carlo Sandstone the barrier, either dunes or bars; and the Mithaka Formation the lagoon-bay sediments. The sediments were deposited in an elongate epicontinental sea that also covered the Amadeus, Wiso and Canning Basins.

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Field Value
Title Environment of deposition of the Carlo Sandstone, Georgina Basin, Queensland and Northern Territory
Language eng
Licence Not Specified
Landing Page https://data.gov.au/data/dataset/7e87e268-2012-4909-8b83-64bce1ecd779
Contact Point
Geoscience Australia Data
clientservices@ga.gov.au
Reference Period 20/04/2018
Geospatial Coverage
Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors
{
  "coordinates": [
    [
      [
        134.0,
        -25.5
      ],
      [
        141.0,
        -25.5
      ],
      [
        141.0,
        -17.0
      ],
      [
        134.0,
        -17.0
      ],
      [
        134.0,
        -25.5
      ]
    ]
  ],
  "type": "Polygon"
}
Data Portal Geoscience Australia

Data Source

This dataset was originally found on Geoscience Australia "Environment of deposition of the Carlo Sandstone, Georgina Basin, Queensland and Northern Territory". Please visit the source to access the original metadata of the dataset:
https://ecat.ga.gov.au/geonetwork/srv/eng/csw/dataset/environment-of-deposition-of-the-carlo-sandstone-georgina-basin-queensland-and-northern-territo