This report presents the results of a regional seafloor mapping study carried out during 2000/2001 as part of Geoscience Australia's South and Southwest Regional Project. The aim was to support future Regional
Marine Planning in the Great Australian Bight (GAB) by underpinning biological, environmental and
economic assessments with basic information on geomorphology and the seabed character.
Four major geomorphological features are present on the margin in the South and Southwest (SSW) region: a continental shelf, marine terraces (including the Eyre and Ceduna Terraces in the GAB), a continental slope and a continental rise. The boundaries of these geomorphological features have been delineated and captured in a Geographical Information System (GIS). The GIS also includes the location of sedimentary basins, plateaus, terraces and canyons previously mapped in the region.
Seabed character mapping was carried out for the GAB area only. Five echo facies have been defined in the GAB area based on the interpretation of available 3.5kHz echo-sounding records and high-resolution seismic profiles in terms of acoustic facies, and their groundtruthing against seafloor samples. The interpretation of these facies has been digitised and captured into a GIS. The GIS includes key attributes for every echo facies. The acoustic facies distribution on the GAB margin and offshore in the South Australian abyssal plain shows the importance of geological inheritance to the geomorphology and sea-bed character of the region.
Facies I, which represents undisturbed, layered sediments is mainly localised on the shelf, the Eyre and Ceduna Terraces, and in the greater part of the abyssal plain. Facies II, which may represent more disturbed sediments, is confined to the Ceduna Terrace and along two elongated E-W trending areas on the abyssal plain near the continent-ocean boundary. Facies III, associated with extreme (IIIA), moderate (IIIC) and low (IIID) topography, underlies scarps, canyons, and depressions on the continental slope and the abyssal plain.
The distribution of acoustic facies from the upper slope down to the abyssal plain indicates that the major sedimentary process in the deep water GAB is deposition of pelagic sediments. Reworking of sediments by both bottom currents and gravity flows is probably limited to submarine canyons.
