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WAMSI Node 3.4.1 - Reef Morphology and Growth History – Eastern Ningaloo Reef (Exmouth Gulf) Development and demise of a fringing coral reef during Holocene environmental change, eastern Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia

Created 24/06/2025

Updated 24/06/2025

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The growth history component (WAMSI Node 3.4.1) was to specifically characterise the morphology and growth history of the Ningaloo Reef system, to provide an insight into and predictive capacity for potential and future climatic changes.
Reefs lining the western Exmouth Gulf, located at the northern limit of the 300 km long Ningaloo Reef in Western Australia, represent modern incipient coral reefs and veneers of non reef-building coral/algal communities on exposed Pleistocene or ‘give-up’ Holocene reef surfaces. Acquisition of sixteen cores alongside U-series TIMS dates were used to confirm the nature of the Pleistocene foundation and characterise Holocene reef development. Three calcretised Pleistocene units were identified as: 1) the Last Interglacial (MIS 5e) reef directly underlying Holocene units, 2) a mid-Pleistocene (MIS 7?) bioclastic conglomerate unit, and 3) a Pleistocene alluvial fanglomerate. Eight Holocene reef facies (total thickness of 1.8-5.3 m) included coral framework facies (domal, arborescent, mixed, tabulate and encrusting) and detrital facies (carbonate sand, skeletal rubble and alluvial fan deposits). Holocene ages range from 7.93-5.8 ka BP with vertical accretion ranging from 1.46-9.88 mm/yr (avg. 4.11 mm/yr). Highest rates of accretion and thickest accumulation occurred in the most seaward and deepest cores composed of massive coral framestone and coralline algal crusts. A six stage Holocene chronology is proposed, including: 1) coastal inundation from 8-8.5 ka BP, 2) initiation ‘start-up’ from 8-7.5 ka BP, 3) rapid growth ‘catch-up’ and back-step from 7.5-7 ka BP, 4) rapid aggradational growth ‘catch-up’ from 7-6.5 ka BP, 5) reef decline ‘give-up’ and detrital buildup from 6.5-5.8 ka BP, and 6) detrital buildup and progradation from 5.8 ka BP to present. Changes in reef facies and the ultimate demise of the Holocene reef probably involved a combination of increased sea-level, coastal flooding and erosion during the mid-Holocene highstand, with associated increase in sedimentation, turbidity and decline in water quality; burial by sediment buildup during the mid-Holocene highstand and detrital progradation during the mid- to late-Holocene regression; and, the introduction of alluvial sediment during cyclones and other severe storms to an already stressed community. Modern communities have thus shifted from coral-dominated to bored macroalgal pavements. This study shows that integration of reef development processes with response to environmental change can be used to assess future pressures on coral reef ecosystems globally.

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Title WAMSI Node 3.4.1 - Reef Morphology and Growth History – Eastern Ningaloo Reef (Exmouth Gulf) Development and demise of a fringing coral reef during Holocene environmental change, eastern Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia
Language eng
Licence Not Specified
Landing Page https://data.gov.au/data/dataset/b0bc2f57-2420-40af-824d-0de83f6d7225
Contact Point
Australian Ocean Data Network
emily.twiggs@postgrad.curtin.edu.au
Reference Period 22/11/2017
Geospatial Coverage
Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors
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  "type": "Polygon"
}
Data Portal Australian Oceans Data Network

Data Source

This dataset was originally found on Australian Oceans Data Network "WAMSI Node 3.4.1 - Reef Morphology and Growth History – Eastern Ningaloo Reef (Exmouth Gulf) Development and demise of a fringing coral reef during Holocene environmental change, eastern Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia". Please visit the source to access the original metadata of the dataset:
https://catalogue.aodn.org.au/geonetwork/srv/eng/csw/dataset/wamsi-node-3-4-1-reef-morphology-and-growth-history-eastern-ningaloo-reef-exmouth-gulf-developm1